01 The Problem
A Taiwan Railways EMU train carries hundreds of passengers at high speed. Inside the train: inverters, HVAC compressors, motor controllers, a dozen other electrical subsystems — any of which can overheat. The most dangerous is the axle PT100: if a bearing fails at speed, the wheel can come off the rail. There is no acceptable margin for missing it.
The Risk
EMU trains contain multiple electrical control systems (inverters, HVAC, motor controllers); any overheating jeopardizes safety.
Detection Gap
Axle PT100 overheat → bearing failure → potential derailment.